Your sister had, what we call "macroscopic hematuria"...in other words, blood in the urine that was visible with the naked eye. Usually when something like this happens it means that there is something going on in the lower urinary tract...i.e. the ureters, bladder or urethra. The most common reason for this is infection, a stone, or a stone which is causing an infection. The doctor has to do tests to rule out the more ominous things, and this includes bladder cancer. I don't know how old your sister is, but if she's on the younger side (i.e. 40 and under) it's most likely a stone or an infection...if she's a smoker, though, and is older than, say 50, then they would do a more detailed workup for bladder cancer.
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